Thaar Mohammed Najim, Atheer Abdlrazzaq Aldoori and Mustafa Salah Hasan
Abstract : This investigation was designed for isolation and molecular detection of Proteus spp. from Dogs suffered from Urinary tract infection. All samples of urine from dogs and puppies were used for isolation of this bacteria, samples plated on Blood agar and MacConkey agar media, then biochemical tests were done for identification of bacteria. The VITEK 2 system was used for confirmation of isolates. It was very important step to complete the PCR assay, which was used to check the extracted DNA by loading the eluted DNA with Agarose gel electrophoresis. Three primers in this study were purchased from Bioneer, Korea to detect Proteus spp. virulence genes (ureR, ZapA, mrpA). Then PCR test was done. Two hundred urine samples were taken from all dogs, 127 females, and 73 males, these samples were taken from veterinary clinics in Fallujah, Ramadi, Tikrit, and Aden Square Veterinary Hospital and stray dogs from Karmah, Saqlawiyah, Sicher. Samples were primarily identified through its cultivation, on MacConkey agar, Blood agar due to the presence of swarming phenomena, Gram stain and different other Biochemical tests were also done. Twenty-six isolates were suspected by primary identification, then after, the isolates were confirmed by VITEK2 device, the results of VITEK test confirmed that 19 isolates were Proteus mirabilis. Females were affected significantly higher than male, and also pet were affected more than stray dogs. The current study showed that the age group 4 - 6 months was higher than other age groups. The number and percentages of infection were significantly higher in the age group 1 - 3 months than in other age groups and pet dogs was more infected than stray dogs. The present study revealed that all Proteus isolates possess ureR gene, while zapA and mrpA were presented in 6 isolates.
Full Text PDFMussa M. Alkhatib
Abstract : The rise of industrialization has led to an increase in consumption of the meat-based diets, including processed meat products. Lipids in food provide important characteristics such as aroma, taste, and texture, but they are also highly vulnerable to oxidation, which can cause changes in nutritional value, unpleasant taste and aroma, and reduce shelf-life. meat products, lipid oxidation is a significant issue that persists during post-mortem periods, processing, and storage, Various natural compounds, like phenolic compound, ascorbic acid, tocopherol, and carotenoid, have antioxidant properties that can help mitigate the effects of lipid oxidation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a chemical compound formed through the oxidation of lipids that can pose health hazards to humans. pH changes in meat products can impact and alter various aspects of meat quality, including changes in protein solubility, conformation, and stability. During freezing of the food, changes in salt concentrations and compositions can cause pH changing that can ultimately impact the functional and structural properties of proteins in frozen foods. Understanding the effects of pH changes during freezing is important for developing effective freezing processes and maintaining the quality of the frozen foods. The study aimed to investigated the TBARS value and pH level of canned sausages from Samawah city. The results revealed that the TBARS value of beef sausage was 0.3682±0.18, while that of chicken sausage was 1.6322±0.78. These findings indicate that chicken sausages are more susceptible to lipid oxidation than beef sausages. Additionally, pH value of beef sausage was 5.78±0.19, while that of chicken sausage was 6.302±0.05. The observed difference in pH levels suggests that chicken sausage may be more alkaline than beef sausage.
Full Text PDFM. Abi and G. Rahini
Abstract : Mosquitoes are hazardous to human life all over the world. A major threat achieving successful mosquito control to overcome insecticide resistance to the environment. This study was evaluated the larvicidal activity of Streptomyces isolated from soil sample in Thiruvannamalai Tamilnadu. Confirmatory identification of Streptomyces sp. was based on biochemical characterization and microscopic examination of the organism. The isolated Streptomyces was evaluated for its larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae because Streptomyces griseus produced Chitinase enzymes that are used as potential activity against mosquito larvae. Bioassay methods are employing three dilutions of the Streptomyces griseus culture. The confirmatory isolated organisms are the same as Streptomyces griseus. The outcome of bioassay results that shown a range in the high value of effectiveness depending on the level of exposure to the Streptomyces griseus. A mortality rate of more than 20 % was noted after 60 minutes, increased to 92 %, and then increased exposure time for all dilutions of Streptomyces griseus used. This proved that Streptomyces is an effective bio-larvicide used to reduce or eradicate mosquito larva.
Full Text PDFE. Kaviya and G. Rahini
Abstract : A study was conducted on the Microbiological quality of Frozen chicken sold in Thiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India. Samples were taken from the neighborhood market. We collected the frozen chicken and tested it for microbial contamination. Microorganisms were isolated and accurately characterized after being analyzed in batches on various parts. With the aid of mechanical components, samples were shaken in order to extract 0.9 g of the sample, which contained 10 ml of Peptone water for which a 10 folds dilution was prepared. The objective of the study was to isolate the bacteria present in the frozen chicken. Staphylococcus aureus was one of the microorganisms that was tested for growth in the 0.1 ml of each dilution that was obtained in various batches and introduced to various medium. These media were incubated for 24 hours at 37 °C. Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli, and within the poultry chicken sample, Salmonella sp. and Pseudomonas were found which is the permitted level of off bacteria present in frozen chicken. Between 1.4 and 2.4 × 10 was the typical upper limit for all bacteria in poultry microbial burdens. The samples examined as a result were microbiologically unsatisfactory. The isolates CFU/g and is between 101 and 10 CFU/g, which is outside the permissible limit. The four medications, Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin, and Amoxicillin/Clavulanate, were tested for antibacterial susceptibility. A few microbes were discovered to be antibiotic-resistant, and the microbial load in the samples that were examined was microbiologically unsatisfactory. A competent sanitary method and storage arrangement thereby encourage the provision of safe poultry products. The outcome suggests that the majority of frozen chicken parts sold in open markets pose a serious risk to public health and could be a source of bacterial food poisoning. A variety of additional harmful microorganisms as well as germs that can contaminate the food during cold storage may be present in frozen chicken. The current study set out to examine the distribution of antibiotic resistance among microbiological contaminants in frozen chicken. The infections in tainted chicken are excellent human carriers, which leads to economic losses brought on the associated danger to customers.
Full Text PDFYasser Ammar Ahmood AL-Janabi, Haider M.H. Habeeb and Rahman H.H. Al-Qasimi
Abstract : The current study was conducted at Khairat Al-Etihad station in Al-Shomali district - Babylon. (12) rams were used in the study, including (4) Al-Al-Krishi (4) AL-Wassi, and (4) battering rams (AL-Wassi-Al-Krishi) for the period from January 2023 to April 2023. To study semen physical and chemical traits such as ejaculate volume, percentage of live, dead, and deformed sperm, concentration, group and individual motility, pH, Aspartate aminotransferase (G.O.T), alanine aminotransferase (G.P.T) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The results indicated that the best characteristics of the seminal fluid were of the AL-Wassi rams in terms of concentration and ejaculate volume, while the beating rams excelled at a significant level (P>0.01) in individual and group motility and the percentage of live sperm, while the highest percentage of dead and deformed sperm was recorded in the Al-Krishi rams, and the correlation coefficient was high between The AL-Wassi and Al-Al-Krishi rams and low between the battered rams and the AL-Wassi and Al-Al-Krishi rams.
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