Abstract : Soil, sediment and sewage samples collected randomly from different location in Basrah city screened for Polyhydroxyalkanaotes (PHAs) using Sudan Black (B) and Nile blue staining plate assay, the isolates showed positive results. The bacterial isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing to the level of strain, there are twenty one isolates had an identity of 100 % with different strains of Bacillus sp., Enterococcus sp. and Clostridium sp., the bacterial strains were screened for the presence of PHA synthase gene and the accumulation of PHA, the functional groups of extracted PHA granules were identified by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis.

Abstract : Diazinon (DZN) is one of the organophosphorus (OP) insecticides widely used in local market, can affect animals even after exposure to a single dose. Grape seed oil (GSO), may be rich in more efficient antioxidants. Therefore, the aim of this study was conducted to evaluate the possible protective effect of grapes seed oil GSO in male rats exposed to diazinon at dose of DZN (50 mg/L) induced adverse effects on haematological and semen quality of male rats. The experimental 24 male albino rats were divided into four groups for 1 month. The rats of the first group were served as control. The experimental animals of the second group were exposed to diazinon (DZN). The animals of the third group were supplemented with grape seed oil and treated with DZN. The rats of the fourth group were supplemented with grape seed oil. Hematological such as Red blood corpuscles (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and hematocrit (Hct) showed significant reduction, while the value of white blood corpuscles (WBC) count was statistically increased in rats exposed to DZN. Hematological evaluations were chosen as indicators of DZN toxicity and protective role of grape seed oil. Moreover, the semen quality evaluations of the testis showed that DZN causes several severe alterations. Also, animals were dissected and the reproductive organs (epididymus and testes) were taken to measure fertility indices, oxidative parameters and testicular biomarkers. The results indicated DZN decreased testes and epididymus weights for this dose. This effect was dose - related and should be associated with decline in epididymus sperm count, percent of sperm motility, viability and maturity and increased abnormal sperm morphology.

Abstract : In the present study, Genomic abnormalities in glioblastoma multiform (GBM) were analysed using Galaxy Next Generation Sequence (NGS). This research particularly describe a robust gene expression based molecular classification of GBM into Proneural, Neural, Classical and Mesenchymal subtypes and integrate multidimensional genomic data to establish patterns of somatic mutations and DNA copy number. Gene signatures of normal brain cell types show a strong relationship between subtypes and different neural lineages. Additionally, response to aggressive therapy differs by subtype, with the greatest benefit in the Classical subtype and no benefit in the Proneural subtype. Then provide a framework that unifies transcriptomic and genomic dimensions for GBM molecular stratification with important implications for future studies.

Abstract : Cleome viscosa is an annual sticky herb belongs to the family of Capparidaceae and it is commonly known as “Wild mustard”. In traditional systems of medicine, the plant was reported to possess beneficial effects as an antihelmintic, antiseptic, carminative, antiscorbutic, febrifuge, anticancer and cardiac stimulant. In the present study, the phytochemical analysis and GC-MS analysis of Cleome viscosa leaf parts was conducted and the presence of various plant metabolites including alkaloids, flavanoids, glycosides, tannins saponinns, steroids, terpenoides and phenolic compounds was analyzed. The GC-MS results were noticed in the methanolic extract of Cleome viscosa was reported with molecular weight, retention time, peak area and molecular formula. The compounds were identified by comparing their retention time and peak area with that of literature and by interpretation of mass spectra. The plant Cleome viscosa was used in various industries and its applications includes wound healing, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial and cancer preventive.

Abstract : Plant cells are highly sophisticated chemical factories where a large variety of chemical compounds are manufactured with great precision and ease from simple raw materials at normal temperature and pressure. Plants are thus a very important renewable source of raw materials for the production of a large variety of chemicals. In the present study, the antibacterial activity of medicinal plant leaf extract Ricinus communis L. was investigated against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus epidermis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri and Enterobacter aerogenes). The methanol crude extract of plant leaves (300 mg/ml) showed zone of inhibition against the Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The zone of inhibition obtained from the aqueous crude extract of medicinal plant against bacterial pathogens was comparatively very less when compared to the other solvent extracts. No zone of inhibition was seen in DMSO blind control. The positive control Ampicillin (20 µg) showed zone of inhibition against the tested bacterial pathogens.The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the medicinal plant was tested bacteria. The Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the medicinal plant was tested against various bacterial isolates. The best MBC value was recorded in the methanol extract at 600 nm when compared to other solvent extracts. Maximum bacterial growth was recorded against the aqueous extract.

Abstract : Currently the indiscriminate use of commercial antimicrobial agents has resulted in multiple drug resistance in human pathogenic microorganisms. To overcome the escalating problems associated with infectious diseases and drug resistance discovery of new antimicrobials is vital. Increased incidence of resistant in bacteria together with lack and high cost of new generation drugs has increased infection related morbidity and mortality particularly in developing countries. The present study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of Elytraria acaulis herb against the clinical pathogens. The Elytraria acaulis plant was collected; dried, powdered and serially extracted using the organic solvents in the Soxhlet apparatus and the antimicrobial activity was analyzed by Disc diffusion method and the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was analysed by Broth dilution technique against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The methanolic extracts of Elytraria acaulis showed maximum antibacterial activity against all the tested pathogens and the MIC was ranged between 40 µg/ml to 5 µg/ml. The results obtained justified the antibacterial potential of the Elytraria acaulis against the clinically important pathogens. The bioactive compounds in the extracts will be helpful in herbal antimicrobial formulations.