Abstract : DNA barcoding is a global standard tool in taxonomy based DNA sequences and its usefulness for identification of species. Genus Labeo morphologically complicated and it still not fully resolved genus. While, several described species and other species of within genus are very difficult to delimit due to overlapping in morphological characters and complex of color patterns towards Labeo kontius and Labeo fimbriatus are very similar. With this, we have a complete photographical image for mainly helpful an identification tool for field collection. Now, morphological species identification for within group has been a unique controversial. In this, the next focus specifically a paucity of fish taxonomists and all paving by way of molecular diagnostic tool namely DNA barcode for effective taxa delimitation. Herein, the present phylogenetic analysis of Labeo calbasu based on the short standardized segment and 5' region of mtDNA COI gene fragments. Moreover, the present work discussing about to identify species through mtCOI gene to discriminating the wild species Labeo calbasu from Cauvery waters (Kollidam river), Lower Anicut, Tamil Nadu. Finally, it is a complement current results provide evidence that mtCOI gene are more effective for rapid and accurate identification of species and certain discrimination were found this species that need for further taxonomic investigation.

Abstract : Antioxidants play an important role in inhibiting and scavenging free radicals, thus providing protection to humans against infections and degenerative diseases. Modern research is now directed towards natural antioxidants originated from plants due to safe therapeutics. Antioxidant activity of different organic extracts of Ficus racemosa (FRE) bark was investigated for its free radical scavenging activity by adopting various in vitro models such as 1, 1-diphenyl, 2- picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide, hydroxyl and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity was found to be more effective in the ethanolic extract than that of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts. The ethanolic extract showed maximum scavenging activity for DPPH followed by nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical. Due to its safety and potent activity, it is worth in incorporating this extract in herbal formulations for hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties. This potent antioxidative role might be due the active secondary metabolites of ethanolic extract of Ficus racemosa bark.

Abstract : Nanotechnology is an enabling technology that deals with nanometer (nm) sized material. Nanotechnology is one of the most important scientific fields today since it combines knowledge from the fields of Physics, Biochemistry, Materials science, Chemistry, Biology, Medicine, Informatics and Engineering. It is considered as an emerging technology due to the possibility to advance well-established products and to create new products with totally new characteristics and functions with vast potential in a wide range of applications. Nanoparticles are considered as building blocks of the next generation of technology with applications in many sector. Nanomaterials are at the leading edge of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology and its unique size-dependent properties make these materials superior and indispensable in many areas of human activity. Nanoparticles are extremely tiny with a size in the range of 10 to 1000 nm. They exhibit more surfaces to volume ratio and due to this they show extraordinary properties which are different from bulk materials. It plays a major role in the development of innovative methods to produce new products to substitute existing production equipment and to reformulate new materials and chemicals with improved performance resulting in less consumption of energy and materials and reduced harm to the environment as well as environmental remediation. Nanotechnology based nanoparticles have various applications in Agriculture, Environmental chemistry, Food science, Veterinary medicine, Marine, Medicine detection, Industries and many others. This brief review tries to summarize the most recent developments in the field of applied nanomaterials, in particular their application in various sectors, and discusses their commercialization prospects.

Abstract : In this present study, chitosan was extracted from Aspergillus niger and was applied in the decolourization of the textile dye. Chitosan was extracted from mycelia of Aspergillus niger which was allowed to grow in the Potato dextrose agar medium. Then, the fungal isolate was transferred to Yeast peptone glucose (YPG) broth for the highest production of chitosan which was then confirmed through FTIR analysis. Chitosan is a polysaccharides which was found primarily as the main component of the fungal cell wall. It has excellent properties such as non-toxicity and high anionic dye binding capacity. Chitosan has a massive range of application in textile industries particularly decolourization of textile dyes. This present research was aimed to study the decolourization of the textile azo dye Malachite green by Chitosan which was extracted from the fungal mold Aspergillus niger isolated from spoiled coconut.

Abstract : The present study was aimed to explore the effects of different levels and sources of manganese on growth and yield of cotton in saline sodic soil. A pot experiment was conducted with four levels Mn (0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg kg-1) was applied through three different sources namely manganese sulphate, Mn- EDTA and Mn-humate. The experiment was conducted in factorial completely randomized design with three replications. The cotton variety LRA5166 was grown as test crop. The growth parameters like plant height, leaf area index (LAI), number of monopodial branches plant-1, number of sympodial branches plant-1 and number of squares plant -1, yield parameters like number of bolls per plant, boll weight and yield of cotton were recorded at appropriate stages of crop growth. The seed cotton yield, lint yield and seed yield were recorded in each pot separately. The results of the study indicated that application of Mn significantly increased the growth and yield parameters of the cotton. Among the three sources, manganese humate recorded the highest mean plant height, Leaf area index, Number of monopodial plant-1, Number of sympodial plant-1 and Number of squares plant-1 as compared to other two sources.The treatment supplied with 2.5 mg Mn kg-1 as Mn- humate recorded the highest yield parameter. This was on par with the treatment applied with 1.25 mg Mn kg-1 as Mn-humate. This results of the experiment concluded that the application of 2.5 mg kg-1Mn as humate was the optimum dose of Mn to maximize the productivity of cotton in a saline sodic soil.

Abstract : Free radicals act as an chemicals they are highly unstable and it cause damage to other molecules by extracting electrons from them in order to attain the stability. Antioxidant plays a vital role in protecting the biological systems against the development of more chronic diseases and disorders. The aim of the present study was to screen the phytoconstituents, and to assess the in vitro antioxidant activity of various parts of Martynia annua plant belonging to the family Martyniaceae. The in vitro antioxidant activity of MaF, MaL and MaS was measured by means of the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl DPPH assay. The phytochemical investigation of oil of M. annua revealed the presence of glycosides, steroids, and terpenoids compounds. Among this MaF shows the antioxidant activity than the MaL and MaS. The outcomes justifies the flower M. annua is a potential source of natural antioxidants.

Abstract : Traditional medicines practices are possibly the most ancient practitioners of traditional medicine in India and in general are the primary health-care providers to a majority of the rural population and a substantial segment of the urban population in the country. An ethno-botanical survey of traditional medicinal plants were used in the treatment of various diseases in village peoples in some villages of Cuddalore district, Tamilnadu was conducted. The information was collected on the basis of personal interviews with traditional healers and village elders. The investigation revealed that 84 plant species belonging to 34 families are commonly used in the treatment of different diseases. The collected medicinal plants have been arranged alphabetically according to botanical name, followed by common name, vernacular name along with organs used, mode of preparation and utilization. The medicinal plants were mostly used for the treatment of stomach ache, menstrual problem, skin disease, viral infection, head ache, fever and ulcers.

Abstract : The objective of this study examines the relationship between blood type and anxiety level of engineering students. There were 200 students, forbachelor degrees of engineering as sampleselected through random sampling technique. Blood group „A‟ 100 and Blood group „B‟100 students selected for this study.Beck Anxiety Scale were used as assessment tools for data collection. Data was analyzed using mean, standard deviation, T-test and regression analysis. The finding of this study indicates that student‟s blood group is not important for level of anxiety among engineering students.

Abstract : A new organic nonlinear optical crystal (NLO) 2-amino 4,6dimethoxypyrimidinep-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (2ADPTS) was synthesized and good quality crystals were obtained from ethanolic solution containing stoichiometric quantities of the components. The species crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system with space group Pī. Single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction techniques were used to estimate the cell parameters and crystalline nature of the title compound. The presence of strain was calculated using Hall-Williamson equation. The presence of functional groups was identified by FTIR spectral analysis.

Abstract : The environmental impact and seasonal variation of polyethylene generation and disposals are making ecological threat and this unavoidable one. Biodegradation of polyethylene in the natural environments is the slow process; the alternative ideas can make the polyethylene as degradable by microbial consortia. The aim of this study was biodegradation of LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) using various carrier materials for the enhancement of the biodegradability. The microorganisms of biodegradable LDPE were already ascertained and these microorganisms with carrier materials of Farm yard manure, Lignite and coal of combined mixture prepared and LDPE were treated. The maximum weight loss observed in Farm yard manure + Actinomycetes consortia combined mixture treated LDPE 39.14 % followed by other carrier based combined mixture treatments of Bagasse + Bacterial consortia treated LDPE and Lignite + Bacterial consortia treated LDPE. The chemical structural reductions were investigated. These results agreed as the farm yard manure with the Actinomycetes have great degradable carrier for LDPE degradation.

Abstract : Highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated via electrochemical anodization of high purity Ti foil using ethylene glycol as an electrolyte. The formation of ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays was affected by acid concentration of an electrolyte solution and pH. FE-SEM images confirms the formation of nanotubular structure also nanotube length, wall thickness and pore diameter of all the samples were measured in nanometers. From XRD results, after high temperature annealing anatase and rutile phases of the titania were observed; both belong to tetragonal structure. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) result shows the presence of only pure Ti nanoparticles in all samples and no other precipitates were present.

Abstract : Feminism is a movement to gain for women equal rights with men in social, political and Economic fields. It grew in the west as a sequel to the industrial revolution and against the tradition in Western democracies of denying voting rights to women. The basic concept has found favour among women the world over following the realization that women in all societies have been historically exploited because of their gender. Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things won Booker prize for literature in 1997. This is an autobiographical novel reflecting her personal life.

Abstract : The Namesake is essentially, a story about the struggles and hardships of a Bengali couple who immigrate to the United States to form a life outside of everything they know. The novel is a narrative about the assimilation of an Indian Bengali Family from Calcutta, the Ganguli‟s, into America, over thirty years (from 1968 - 2000); the cultural dilemmas experienced by them and their American born children in different ways, the spartial, cultural and emotional dislocations suffered by them in their effort to settle “home” in the new land. New York Times writes about this novel, “This is a novel as affecting in its Chekhovian exploration of fathers and sons, parents and children as it is resonant in its exploration of what is acquired and lost by immigrants and their children in pursuit of the American dream”. In the postcolonial discourse, the question of identity plays a vital role. The problem of Gogol‟s name symbolizes the problem of his identity.

Abstract : „Expatriation‟ is actually a complex state of mind and emotion which includes a wistful longing for the past, the symbol of ancestral home, the pain of exile and homelessness and the struggle to maintain the difference. The family is the primary channel of cultural transmission. No man wholly escapes from the kind, or wholly surpasses the degree of cultural which he acquired from his early environment. Third world countries where they cannot get enough to do, are making an unabated flow to America. This flow of divergent races, classes and culture has totally changed the face of America. This paper examines Bharati Mukherjee‟s an Indian immigrant centered novel Jasmine features an Indian immigrant protagonist who leaves a native land for life in United States and rebirth of the individualism which her collectives have silenced.

Abstract : Water is key element, which plays a vital role for all systems involved in the world. The process industries like chemicals, petrochemicals, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, pulp and papers, metals and minerals; steam electric power and certain food consumer products industries are major water consuming and wastewater discharging industries. Even though many conventional methods used for water reuse project, water-pinch technology (WPT) does not replace conventional water-reuse principles. Instead of it provides a means first to identify a goal for water-reuse and then to pinpoint key water-reuse opportunities that will allow us to design a water-using network to approach the minimum flow rate targets as closely as possible. The dairy industry-Hatsun Agro Products Ltd., Karumapuram Village, Salem Dist., has been analyzed for determining the minimum fresh water flow rate to water reuse and to minimize the wastewater generation. It has been done by a PC based software tool called „Water Design‟. The LP model has also been developed to achieve the minimum water flow rate. The study shown that the regeneration reuse by single contaminant can be effectively minimized the freshwater flow rate by 54 %.

Abstract : Field investigation was carried out for the productivity enhancement of green gram through soil and foliar application of nutrients at Experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University. The field experiment was conducted during August–October, 2013. The experiment was laid in split plot design and replicate thrice with different nutrient levels viz., M1–Control (no fertilizer application), M2–RDF (25:50:25 kg NPK ha-1), M3–Soil application of 85% concentrated Humic acid + fulvic acid and 15% inert ingredients, M4–RDF+ Soil application of 85% concentrated Humic acid + fulvic acid and 15% inert ingredients, as the main plot treatments and foliar spray as the sub plot treatments viz., S1–Control (no foliar application), S2–2% DAP application, S3–foliar application of 85% concentrated Humic acid and fulvic acid +12% Chelated zinc and 3% other traces and inert material, S4–Seaweed extract application, S5–Nitrobenzene application and S6–Pulse wonder application on 25th and 45th DAS were allocated. The result of the main field experiment showed that M4S3 excelled all other treatments by recording higher growth and yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and post-harvest available nutrient status during the cropping period. It also recorded enhanced monetary benefit in terms of net income and return rupee-1 invested.

Abstract : Field investigation was carried out for the productivity enhancement of green gram through soil and foliar application of nutrients at Experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University. The field experiment was conducted during August–October, 2013. The experiment was laid in split plot design and replicate thrice with different nutrient levels viz., M1–Control (no fertilizer application), M2–RDF (25:50:25 kg NPK ha-1), M3–Soil application of 85% concentrated Humic acid + fulvic acid and 15% inert ingredients, M4–RDF+ Soil application of 85% concentrated Humic acid + fulvic acid and 15% inert ingredients, as the main plot treatments and foliar spray as the sub plot treatments viz., S1–Control (no foliar application), S2–2% DAP application, S3–foliar application of 85% concentrated Humic acid and fulvic acid +12% Chelated zinc and 3% other traces and inert material, S4–Seaweed extract application, S5–Nitrobenzene application and S6–Pulse wonder application on 25th and 45th DAS were allocated. The result of the main field experiment showed that M4S3 excelled all other treatments by recording higher growth and yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and post-harvest available nutrient status during the cropping period. It also recorded enhanced monetary benefit in terms of net income and return rupee-1 invested.