Abstract : The phytochemical analyses and antimicrobial activity of Psydrax dicoccos leaves were extracted successively with different solvents viz., petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol and screened for their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis by using Disc diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were also determined in the present research. The methanol extract of Psydrax dicoccos showed the highest antimicrobial activity against all the bacterial and fungal strains tested than the other extracts. The mean zones of inhibition produced by the extracts in Agar diffusion assays against the tested bacterial strains was ranged from 7.0 to 22.5 mm. The MIC values were between 125 and 250 μg/ml, MBC values 250 and 1000 μg/ml and MFC 500 and 1000 μg/ml values were recorded. Phytochemical analyses of different extracts of Psydrax dicoccos leaves was analyzed. The methanol extract of Psydrax dicoccos leaves showed the presence of strong phytochemicals viz., steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds and terpenoids compared to other extracts. The highest mean of zone inhibition (22.5 mm) was observed in the methanol extract of Psydrax dicoccos against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. From the above findings, we concluded that the methanol extract of Psydrax dicoccos will be needed to isolate and characterize the compounds.

Abstract : The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Pisonia alba against the toxicity effects of herbicide atrazine induced serum thyroid hormone T3, T4 and TSH in the Albino Wister rat Rattus norvegicus. The rats were intoxicated to sub-lethal dose of atrazine (0.25 mg of atrazine) for 28 days. The thyroid hormones T3, T4 and TSH were evidence by increased compared with the control. During the treatment of Pisonia alba against atrazine intoxicated rats were restored near normal level (Group II and III). The observed results were discussed in this present research paper.

Abstract : “Sepak" is the Malay word for kick and "Takraw" is the Thai word for a woven ball, therefore sepak takraw quite literally means to kick ball. The choosing of this name for the sport was a compromise between Malaysia and Thailand, the two powerhouse countries of the sport. Endurance means the ability to sustain or with stand prolonged exercise for minutes to hours. There are different types of endurance, which include; aerobic endurance, anaerobic endurance, speed endurance and strength endurance. Endurance training is the act of exercising to increase endurance. The term endurance training generally refers to training the aerobic system as opposed to anaerobic. The need for endurance in sports is often predicated as the need of cardiovascular and simple muscular endurance, but the issue of endurance is far more complex. Hill Running increases leg muscle power, improves fitness, and uses the muscles of the legs, arms and core in ways that are different than running on flat surfaces. The significance of this study is to find out effect of hill running for development of aerobic endurance among Sepak Takraw players of Hyderabad district which will be helpful to Coaches and Trainers to develop the endurance ability. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of the hill running for development of endurance ability among sepak takraw players. The sample for the present study consists of 20 Male male sepak takraw players out of which 10 are experimental group and 10 are controlled group. Hill running training such as short hills, medium hills, long hills, mixed hills running were given to experimental group on alternate days for eight weeks along with general training of sepak takraw and control group were given the general training of sepak takraw. Pre Test and Post Test were conducted for 12 Min Cooper Test to assess the aerobic endurance of both the groups. This study shows that the experimental group has got rapid improvement due to Hill running compare to control group. It was concluded that due to Hill running there is a improvement of Aerobic Endurance. It was recommended that the coaches must include the Hill running programs to athletes for development of endurance.

Abstract : The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of continuous training and Suriyanamaskar on Breath Holding Time of mind hypertension University Teachers. For this study, forty five mild hypertension University teachers from St. Joseph University at Dar Es Salaam. The subject’s age ranged from 35 to 45 years. The subjects were divided into three group one control and two experimental groups. Continuous training was administrated to group I (n = 15), Suriyanamaskar was administrated to group II (n=15) and group III (n=15) served as a control group. Test was conducted for Breath Holding Time before and after twelve weeks training programme and data was collected and analyzed statistically by analysis of covariance to find out the significant level. Based on the result of the study, it was concluded that Continuous training and Suriyanamaskar group significantly improved the Breath Holding Time of mild hyper tension Middle Aged University teachers.

Abstract : The investigation was carried out to determine the possible bioactive components of leaf of Memecylon umbellatum using GC-MS. The chemical compositions of the ethanol extract of leaf of Memecylon umbellatum was investigated using Perkin-Elmer Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS), while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library. Nearly. 24 compounds from leaves were identified of which D-Allose (26.74 %), 1,2,3-Benzenetriol (15.87 %), 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl) - (14.66 %), 1,6-Anhydro-à-d-alactofuranose (10.29 %), E-9-Tetradecenoic acid (6.92 %) were found to be predominant compounds found to be major compounds identified. All the identified compounds were medicinally valuable for the treatment of various human ailments. In addition, all the phytochemical compounds were needed for further investigations for the development of new lead of therapeutic interest.

Abstract : Life is composed of lifeless chemical molecules. The living matter is composed of mainly of inorganic and organic compounds. Nutrients are the important biochemical compounds necessary for all the biological activities of any living system. Gastropods molluscs are potential sources of valuable proteins, carbohydrates and minerals and abundantly available in India. Regarding the biochemistry of gastropod molluscs, only limited studies were carried out from Puducherry, East Coast of India. Hence, the proximate composition, minerals and Vitamins profile of the Indian Babylon, Babylonia zeylanica from Thengaithittu landing centre, Pondicherry, Southeast coast of India were investigated with a view to provide nutritional data for dietary planning. Mean values for the proximate composition (dry weight basis) were protein 41.53 %, carbohydrate 17.34 %, lipid 7.2 %, free fatty acids 1.98 % and ash 1.18 %. This gastropod belonged to high- protein low- fat category. Calcium and Vitamins (Vit-A, Vit-B2 and Vit-C) were found maximum in the muscle. Babylonia zeylanica, thus constitutes a source of high protein as well as an ideal dietetic fish food.

Abstract : Tannins are complex phenolic substances of plant origin. These pale yellow to light brown amorphous substances are secondary metabolic products of plants which are considered unimportant to the producer plants. But, the results of many research activities have proved the importance of tannins. They play a role in protection from predation and in plant growth regulation. They are used in photography, dyeing, in tanning leather, in clarifying wine and beer and as an astringent in medicine. It was interesting to know that the two species of Albizzia (A. odoratissima and A. lebbeck) had nearly equal amount of tannin in their bark. Similarly, the two species of Gardenia possessed (G. gummifera and G. latifolia) nearly equal amount of tannin in their bark and the barks of the two species of Terminalia (T. bellerica and T. chebula) also contained nearly equal amount of tannin in their barks. Tannin was also noticed that the bark of Terminalia bellerica contained more amount of tannin (93.36 ± 0.03) than its seed (85.76 ± 0.03). Similarly, the bark of Gardenia latifolia possessed more quantity of tannin (93.36 ± 0.03) than its seed (86.05 ± 0.03) and fruit rind (85.96 ± 0.03). The antimicrobial activity was also studied and the study depicts that the methanol extracts of bark of P. marsupium can be used as a potential source of antimicrobial agents.

Abstract : The marine water samples were collected from the Kilakarai deep sea, the bacterial colonies were isolated and the dominated colonies were picked out and their morphological characterization was studied. From the biochemical characterization the isolated colony results as Bacillus sp. The antimicrobial potential were analysed and the resulted Fraction I, Fraction II, Fraction III shows the greater effect when against with the clinical pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas sp., Fraction III shows greater zone of inhibition in various concentration of (25 μl, 50 μl, 75 μl and 100 μl). The higher concentration of 100 μl of sample shows the greater results. The high concentration of the 100 μl of the crude sample exhibit higher zone of inhibition against the Staphylococcus sp. (14 mm) and Pseudomonas sp. (13 mm). The results suggested that the Fraction III warranted further purification in order to unveil the active components of Pseudomonas sp. From the curve of elution in DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow chromatography, three A280 nm peak fractions, named G-1, G-2, G-3 were collected respectively. The antimicrobial potential of the marine microbes the G-1, G-2, G-3 shows the greater effect when against with the clinical pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas sp. Among that G-3 shows the maximum results of 18.2 mm and 15.4 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas sp. respectively. The present study crude extract of marine Bacillus sp. showed anticancer activity against HT‐15 and HT‐29 cell line in a dose dependant manner. The crude extract of marine Bacillus sp. showed activity of 7.88 at 400 μg/ml. Whereas, the purified crude of Fraction I, Fraction II and Fraction III showed 7.99 %, 20.67 % and 29.30 % of inhibition at the same concentration respectively against HT‐15 and the purified crude of Fraction I, Fraction II and Fraction III showed 8.00 %, 9.12 % and13.02 % of inhibition at the same concentration respectively against HT‐29. The purified sample of G1, G2 and G3showed 18.63 %, 15.80 % and 76.31 % of inhibition at the same concentration respectively against HT‐15 and the purified sample of G1, G2 and G3 showed 12.90 %, 12.53 % and 69.32 % of inhibition at the same concentration respectively against HT‐29. Estimation of amino acids was done using an automatic amino acid analyzer for the two fractions of FIII and G3.

Abstract : Caste Discrimination is the most complex human rights issue facing India today. In Indian society, primary of younger generation Indians, though largely ignorant about its scope and practice, appears ready and willing to learn about untouchability and work towards its true abolition. Caste systems are also found in Africa, other parts of Asia, the middle East, the Pacific and in Diaspora communities around the world. This paper attempts to explore the elements of caste discrimination and throws light on struggle of women against exploitation in a male dominated conservative society. It also aims at analyzing Arundhati Roy‟s “The God of Small Things” as caste problem and problems faced by the untouchables in an educated society. It explores the role of politics and its effects on the common men. The novel closes the gap between the untouchables and touchables. In “The God of Small Things”, Roy‟s character Velutha his black complexion and his low birth suggest his social inferiority and the resultant segregation and subjection that he is subjected to.